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Internet
IP addresses are divided into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. These classes define the number of bits that can be used for the network ID and the host ID of each address. Class A, B, and C IP addresses are used for assignment to TCP/IP hosts.
Class A: In a Class A IP address, the first octet of the IP address is always between 0 and 127 and represents the network ID, and the remaining three octets are used to represent the unique host ID on the network. There are a maximum of 128 Class A network numbers, and each number is capable of supporting 16,777,214 unique hosts. In this type of IP addresses; the first and the last network numbers are reserved. Hence, there are potentially 126 Class A networks and the actual range of the first octet is always between 1 and 126. In a class A IP address, the highest order binary bit (the leftmost bit of the 32-bit binary number) is always 0.
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Class B:If the first octet of an IP address is between 128 and 191, it is a Class B IP address. In a Class B IP address, the first two octets (starting from the left) are used to represent the network numbers and the remaining two represent the unique host ID on the network. An example of a Class B IP address is 167.20.91.203 where 167.20 is the network number and 91.203 is the host ID. There are 16,384 Class B networks and each network can support a maximum of 65,534 unique hosts. In a Class B address, the two leftmost binary bits are always 10.
Class C:If the first octet of an IP address is between 192 and 223, it is a Class C IP address. In a Class C IP address, the first three octets (starting from the left) are used to represent the network numbers and the remaining octet stands for representing the unique host.If the first octet of an IP address is between 224 and 239, it is a Class D address. Class D addresses are used for multicasting to a group of IP hosts and are not assigned to individual devices on a TCP/IP network.
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